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Retinoscopy
Anatomy & Optics
Key Points
- •Retinoscopy is based on the Foucault test principle: neutralisation occurs when the patient's far point coincides with the retinoscope position
- •Plane mirror mode (sleeve down): with-movement = hypermetropia (add plus), against-movement = myopia (add minus); subtract working distance correction from the neutralising lens
- •Cycloplegic retinoscopy is mandatory in all children <15 years; use cyclopentolate 1% (standard) or atropine 1% (children <5 with esotropia, dark irides)
- •Working distance correction: 67 cm → −1.50 D; 50 cm → −2.00 D; 1 m → −1.00 D (subtract from neutralising lens)
- •Scissors reflex suggests keratoconus or irregular astigmatism - refer for corneal topography
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17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations