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Orbital fractures
Ocular Trauma
Key Points
- •Orbital floor is the most commonly fractured wall (~70%); medial wall (lamina papyracea) is second (~20%)
- •Forced duction test differentiates mechanical entrapment (positive) from cranial nerve palsy (negative) - the key clinical decision-making test
- •Pediatric white-eyed blowout (trapdoor fracture) is a SURGICAL EMERGENCY - minimal external signs but severe entrapment; repair within 24–48 hours to prevent ischaemic necrosis
- •Advise patients: NO nose blowing - risks orbital emphysema and sinus-orbital infection
- •Retrobulbar haemorrhage = emergency lateral canthotomy + inferior cantholysis within minutes to prevent optic nerve ischaemia
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Keep reading Orbital fractures
17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations