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Amblyopia
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Key Points
- •Amblyopia affects 2–5% of children and is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in the under-70 age group (AAO PPP 2023)
- •Crowding phenomenon (better VA with isolated optotypes than linear charts) is pathognomonic and distinguishes amblyopia from organic causes
- •Always perform cycloplegic refraction - anisometropic amblyopia is the most commonly missed cause at screening
- •PEDIG ATS studies: 2 hours/day patching equivalent to 6 hours for moderate amblyopia (ATS2); 6 hours/day equivalent to full-time for severe (ATS3); atropine equivalent to patching for moderate (ATS1)
- •Stimulus deprivation amblyopia (e.g., unilateral congenital cataract) is the most severe form - surgery must occur within 4–6 weeks of life for any useful vision
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17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations