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Childhood refractive errors
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Key Points
- •Uncorrected refractive error is the most common cause of visual impairment in school-age children worldwide (WHO/IAPB)
- •Cycloplegic refraction is MANDATORY in all children - non-cycloplegic refraction underestimates hyperopia due to accommodation
- •Anisometropia thresholds for amblyopia risk: hyperopia >1.0 D, myopia >3.0 D, astigmatism >1.5 D between eyes
- •Myopia control (low-dose atropine, orthokeratology, DIMS lenses, outdoor time) can slow progression by 40–60% - early intervention is critical
- •Hyperopia >+2.5 D is a classic trigger for accommodative esotropia - full cycloplegic correction is the first-line treatment
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Keep reading Childhood refractive errors
17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations