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Congenital nystagmus
Pediatric Ophthalmology
Key Points
- •Congenital nystagmus is horizontal in all gaze positions (even up/downgaze) - vertical or torsional nystagmus in a child suggests acquired (neurological) cause requiring urgent MRI
- •Albinism is the most common identifiable cause of sensory defect nystagmus - look for foveal hypoplasia, iris transillumination, and crossed asymmetry on VEP
- •Spasmus nutans (asymmetric nystagmus + head nodding + AHP) is benign and self-resolving BUT must exclude optic pathway glioma with MRI
- •The Kestenbaum-Anderson procedure shifts the null point to primary position, reducing anomalous head posture by 50–70%
- •Patients with congenital nystagmus do NOT experience oscillopsia (unlike acquired nystagmus) - the brain adapts from birth
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17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations