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Diabetic retinopathy
Retina & Vitreous
Key Points
- •DR is the leading cause of preventable blindness in working-age adults; duration of diabetes is the strongest risk factor
- •The '4-2-1 rule' defines severe NPDR (~50% PDR risk within 1 year): haemorrhages in 4 quadrants, venous beading in ≥2, IRMA in ≥1 - any ONE criterion
- •Anti-VEGF is first-line for centre-involving DMO - Protocol T: aflibercept superior for VA ≤20/50 (+18.9 vs +11.8 letters vs bevacizumab)
- •PRP reduces severe vision loss by >50% in high-risk PDR (DRS); Protocol S showed anti-VEGF non-inferior to PRP with better visual field preservation
- •HbA1c <7% reduces DR risk by 76% (DCCT) and microvascular endpoints by 25% (UKPDS); fenofibrate (FIELD 200 mg; ACCORD Eye 160 mg) independently slows DR progression
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Keep reading Diabetic retinopathy
17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations