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Convergence insufficiency
Strabismus
Key Points
- •Convergence insufficiency is defined by a receded NPC (>6–8 cm), exophoria at near >> distance, and reduced positive fusional vergences - all three must be assessed.
- •The CITT established office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (OBVAT) as the gold standard treatment - 73% success rate after 12 weeks, significantly superior to pencil push-ups alone (43%).
- •CI is the most common oculomotor deficit after traumatic brain injury, present in up to 40% of post-concussion patients.
- •Children with CI have a 3-fold higher prevalence of parent-reported ADHD; screening for CI should be considered in children diagnosed with attention difficulties.
- •Sheard's criterion: fusional vergence reserve must be ≥2x the phoria for comfortable vision - failure to meet this criterion predicts symptomatic decompensation.
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Keep reading Convergence insufficiency
17 more sections are included with the Clinical plan.
- Definition
- Epidemiology
- Aetiology and causes
- Pathogenesis
- Classification
- Risk factors and associations