Oculoplasty · Socket surgery and prosthetics

Phthisis bulbi

Phthisis bulbi denotes end-stage eye disease characterized by shrinkage and disorganization of the eye with the resultant functional loss. The major factors associated with the pathogenesis of phthisis are hypotony, deranged blood-ocular barriers, and inflammation. Common causes include trauma, surgery, infection, inflammation, malignancy, retinal detachment, and vascular lesions. A phthisical globe shows a small squared off shape, opaque and thickened cornea, thickened sclera, neovascularization of iris, cataract, cyclitic membrane, ciliochoroidal detachment, and retinal detachment. Microscopic features include internal disorganization, inflammatory reaction, a reactive proliferation of various cells, calcification, and ossification. A mnemonic rule used to describe phthisis bulbi is ''7S" referring to an eye that is: Soft - Shrunken - Shapeless - Sightless - Structureless - Squared - Sore. Yanoff and Fine proposed the following descriptive grading system based on clinicopathological features: Grade I : Atrophia bulbi without shrinkage Grade II : Atrophia bulbi with shrinkage Grade III : Atrophia bulbi with shrinkage and disorganization (phthisis bulbi) Grade IV : Phthisis bulbi with intraocular ossification Grade V : Phthisis bulbi with intraocular calcium deposition

Contributed byShadab AhmadOptometrist, Internship ( UPUMS )

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