Dr. Ridhima Padda
Resident, .
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Cornea › Corneal graft rejection
Active SEI (Subepithelial infiltrates)
Adenoviruses are the leading cause of viral conjunctivitis. One notable complication is subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) — small, round, grayish lesions caused by lymphocytic infiltration of the superficial corneal stroma and overlying epithelium, reflecting an underlying immune response. While these infiltrates can affect visual acuity, they typically resolve within a few weeks, though in rare instances they may persist for years. In some cases, SEIs progress to corneal scarring, which can cause irreversible vision loss. Topical corticosteroids remain an effective treatment for SEIs, but their use comes with drawbacks: symptoms often recur once treatment is stopped, potentially leading to steroid dependency. Additionally, prolonged corticosteroid therapy carries risks of its own, including elevated intraocular pressure and cataract formation.
Oculoplasty › Ectropion
Grade 4 ectropion
Grade I: Only the lacrimal punctum (the tiny tear drain opening on the inner edge of the lid) turns outward away from the eye. Grade II: The entire eyelid margin turns outward, making the pink inner lining (palpebral conjunctiva) visible. Grade III: The turning is deeper, exposing the conjunctival fornix (the pocket where the inner eyelid meets the eyeball). Grade IV (in some scales): Severe complete eversion where deep tissues or both upper and lower lids are involved.
Retina Vitreous › Choroidal melanoma
Choroidal nevus (red arrow)
A common, benign pigmented spot (like a freckle or mole) located in the choroid layer at the back of the eye. Most are flat, harmless, and cause no symptoms, but they require regular eye doctor monitoring because a small percentage can change into a serious cancer called choroidal melanoma.
Cornea › Corneal dystrophies
Spheroidal degeneration
Progressive, bilateral eye condition characterized by the accumulation of translucent, golden-brown globular deposits in the cornea and conjunctiva. Also known as climatic droplet keratopathy or Labrador keratopathy, is strongly linked to chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and environmental irritants like sand and wind